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Both death and serious cases of COVID-19 requiring hospitalization provide independent bases for OSHA’s finding of grave danger. The evidence is clear that the safe and effective vaccines authorized and/or approved for use in the United States greatly reduce the likelihood of these severe outcomes. RT-PCR and antibody testing are powerful tools with many clinical and research applications. However, the application of these tools cannot determine what degree of protection a particular individual has against SARS-CoV-2 without a great deal of additional study concerning thresholds establishing individual immunity. Therefore, these tools are not yet able to assist OSHA in making more nuanced findings about which workers who had COVID-19 previously are at grave danger. There is no established threshold to determine full protection from reinfection or a standardized methodology to determine infection severity or immune response.

In any event, every NAICS industry is comprised of many occupations, so for every occupation where OSHA suspects remote work is overestimated in Dingel and Neiman’s results, there may be another where remote work is underestimated. A discussion of vaccination rates, as well as OSHA’s rationale for why vaccination is a critical means of protecting workers from the grave danger described in this section, can be found in Need for the ETS (Section III.B. of this preamble). OSHA did not make findings What are the effects of Vegan CBD Gummies? based solely on non-peer-reviewed sources such as news articles, but the agency found that those sources can sometimes provide useful information when considered with more robust sources. By the end of the next business day after a request, the employer must make available, for examination and copying, the individual COVID-19 vaccine documentation and any COVID-19 test results for a particular employee to that employee and to anyone having written authorized consent of that employee.

Regardless of viral loads in vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals, the fact remains clear that unvaccinated people pose a higher risk of transmission to others than vaccinated people, simply because they are much more likely to get COVID-19 in the first place. More recent research suggests that the Delta variant may have reduced the level of protection vaccination affords against transmission of the virus to others, but still significantly reduces transmission risk in comparison to infected unvaccinated individuals. A UK study found that fully vaccinated individuals infected by the Delta variant are able to transmit the virus to both vaccinated and, to a greater degree, unvaccinated persons (Singanayagam et al., September 6, 2021). Still, the rate at which transmission to unvaccinated individuals occurred was nearly double the rate of transmission to vaccinated individuals (35.7% compared to 19.7%).

California and New York City developed payment programs for undocumented residents. But despite having an undocumented population of almost 200,000—accounting for about 3% of the state’s population in 2016—Colorado has no financial aid program to address that community. ✢ Special price is for first tree and shrub application only and for new tree and shrub residential customers only.

Ana is one of the nearly 11 million undocumented immigrants living in the U.S. without legal permission, who are particularly vulnerable to the economic fallout wrought by the pandemic and have no direct access to the billions of dollars in federal pandemic relief over the last year. An estimated 4 in 5 of them work essential jobs that put them at high risk to catch the COVID-19 virus. They are also more likely to suffer the economic consequences, even with protections in place—such as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s eviction moratorium, extended through March—because they fear that reaching out for help or reporting landlords could lead to deportation or detention.

Since ACM’s expansion with BDO on August 1, the firm added 34 full-time positions across the Rocky Mountain region and as of January had 12 full-time positions open. A representative for PopSockets said the company “is going to pass on commenting” for the story. According to SBA.gov, the company received a Paycheck Protection Program loan for between $2 million and $5 million last April. Brainstorming has also gone virtual, and the team uses Google Jamboards, which are digital whiteboards. Training is still important, but now employees attend educational conferences online.

In States with OSHA-approved State Plans, this ETS does not significantly limit State policy options. Any special workplace problems or conditions in a State with an OSHA-approved State Plan may be dealt with by that State’s standard, provided the standard is at least as effective as this ETS. In this section, OSHA provides estimates of the per-entity and total costs for the requirements of this ETS. Section 6 of the OSH Act states that the Secretary will publish a final standard “no later than six months after publication of the emergency standard.” Costs are therefore estimated over a six-month time period. Note that the estimates are presented in this section at the 3-digit NAICS level, but the analysis was conducted at the 6-digit NAICS level and aggregated to the 3-digit level for presentation purposes.

The data reviewed by OSHA on the RADx-TECH/ATP Dashboard shows that the manufacturers supported by the initiative are producing approximately 30 million tests per week, and capacity continues to grow. As explained above, it is expected that roughly 50 million at-home COVID-19 tests will be available each week by December 2021. OSHA therefore finds that there are sufficient COVID-19 tests available to meet the anticipated demand related to compliance with paragraph by the 60-day delayed compliance date.

• The average rate for a local babysitter in Colorado Springs, CO is $14.25 per hour as of April 2022 according to Care.com’s data.
• The personal protection afforded by face coverings, as well as the benefits and necessity, are described in the Summary and Explanation for paragraph (Section VI.I. of this preamble).
• The Empire BlueCross BlueShield Foundation has committed more than $200,000 to organizations on the frontlines of providing New Yorkers with critical access to food during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.
• Any legal analysis, legislative updates or other content and links should not be construed as legal or professional advice or a substitute for such advice.

OSHA has found that neither reliance on voluntary action by employers nor OSHA non-mandatory guidance is an adequate substitute for specific, mandatoryworkplace standards at the federal level. Auchter, 702 F.2d 1150 at 1153 (voluntary action by employers “alerted and responsive” to new health data is not an adequate substitute for government action). An ETS that contains provisions specifically addressing COVID-19 hazards in covered workplaces will provide clear instructions. More certainty will lead to more compliance, and more compliance will lead to improved protection of employees covered by this standard. Evidence shows that mandating vaccination has proven to be an effective method for increasing vaccination rates, and that vaccination mandates have generally been more effective than merely encouraging vaccination. Significant numbers of workers would get vaccinated if their employers required it, and many workers who were vaccinated over the last four months were motivated by their employer requiring vaccination.

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Paragraph provides that when an employee has received a positive COVID-19 test, or has been diagnosed with COVID-19 by a licensed healthcare provider, the employer must not require that employee to undergo COVID-19 testing for 90 days following the date of their positive test or diagnosis. This provision is specifically intended to prohibit screening testing for 90 days because of the high likelihood of false positive results that do not indicate active infection but are rather a reflection of past infection. Studies of patients who were hospitalized and recovered indicate that SARS-CoV-2 RNA can be detected in upper respiratory tract specimens for up to three months after symptom onset (CDC, August 2, 2021; CDC, September 14, 2021). If employees were to be subjected to screening tests in such a situation it would both undermine the confidence in the COVID-19 screening tests and could result in a harm to the worker of being unnecessarily removed from the workplace and subjected to the additional burden of unnecessary tests. OSHA anticipates that employers will be able to implement measures to comply with most provisions of the ETS well within 30 days, pursuant to paragraph .

Members enrolled in Blue Shield’s Trio, Tandem and Medicare Advantage plans, plus Blue Shield of California Promise Health Plan enrollees, already enjoy $0 out-of-pocket costs for Teladoc Health services. Blue Shield is working with two financial institutions to help providers with guaranteed loans and to make advanced payments to them on anticipated healthcare costs. The plan is to offer favorable repayment terms to help providers get through the next six months. AvMed is also offering zero copays and cost share for any where to buy cbd oil in arizona and all types of virtual visits until Sept. 30, 2020. Additionally, where applicable, copays and cost share will be waived for telehealth visits, as well as telephone visits, members may need from their traditional healthcare providers. Waiving the cost-sharing for medical services for fully insured members whose primary diagnosis is COVID-19.This includes COVID-19-specific visits to an in-network medical clinic, urgent care center and/or emergency room, and inpatient treatment where COVID-19 is the primary diagnosis.

This is discussed in greater detail in the Summary and Explanationfor paragraph (Section VI.D. of this preamble). The second dose of the series must not be received earlier than 17 days (21 days with a 4-day grace period) after the first dose . OSHA has included this because people who have received a heterologous primary vaccination series are considered by the CDC to also meet this definition.

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MATTER, Anthem, Inc., and Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Illinois have launched the Pandemic Response Innovation Challenge. The challenge is a global call to innovators to develop creative solutions aimed at supporting the health care needs of those impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. AmeriHealth New Jersey will waive members’ cost for in-network, acute in-patient treatment of COVID-19 through December 31, 2020. Cost sharing will be applied to post-acute care (e.g. skilled nursing, rehabilitation and long-term acute care facilities), outpatient treatment, prescription drugs, ambulance transportation to a post-acute setting, and out of network care. AmeriHealth New Jersey has launched a collaboration with Quartet to address members’ behavioral health needs.

UCare will waive all copays, coinsurance or deductibles for doctor-ordered COVID-19 testing in all of its plans. UCare is also covering copays, coinsurance or deductibles for medically necessary clinic and urgent care services received at the visit when a COVID-19 test is administered at an in-network clinic, and at out-of-network what cbd gummies are available in vt clinics if in-network alternatives are not available. Sharp Health Plan will waive the cost-share for all medically necessary screening and testing for COVID-19. This includes hospital , urgent care, provider office visits, and telehealth appointments for the purpose of screening and/or testing for coronavirus.

Florida Blue is adding a free-to-member virtual care partner, Teladoc, for seniors and others on its Medicare Advantage plans, and waiving the virtual care copay for many commercial and Affordable Care Act members to encourage use of Teladoc if it is offered as part of their plan. Additionally, during this pandemic, Florida Blue’s network of primary care doctors and specialists will be able to treat patients virtually at their normal office visit rates. Florida Blue is extending the premium due date through the end of June for customers who needed extra time to Que sont les bonbons au CBD ? pay premiums as a result of the COVID-19 health crisis and would otherwise have been subject to termination of coverage. The payment extension applies to Individual – Affordable Care Act and non-ACA – plans, Fully Insured Employer Group health plans and Medicare Supplement plans. Empire BlueCross BlueShield will cover COVID-19 treatments for enrollees with individual and family plans with no copays or cost-sharing through December 31, 2020, as long as members receive treatment from doctors, hospitals, and other health-care professionals in their plan’s network.

The data from the Johns Hopkins Coronavirus Resource Center is collected from state and county government sources, so it does not include any self-administered OTC tests. Additionally, while all states report PCR testing, not all states report antigen testing. Nevertheless, the data from Johns Hopkins Coronavirus Resource Center is the best available evidence from which to estimate the total number of tests administered during a given period of time. Even though the number of administered tests reported through the Johns Hopkins Coronavirus Resource Center does not include unreported OTC tests, the NIH RADx program data shows a large surplus and sufficient additional COVID-19 test capacity relative to the number of administered tests reported. Additionally, the NIH RADx program will further allow for increased test distribution through retail markets and will address any increase in demand due to companies that may stockpile tests.

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This COVID-19 Mental Health Resource Hub provides a range of resources designed to help people, their families and care providers cope with pandemic-related stress brought on by social isolation, job loss and other challenges. The Migration Policy Institute, a nonprofit think tank in Washington, D.C., reported in January that 9.3 million unauthorized immigrants whose income meets the threshold for COVID-19 Helfen CBD-Gummibärchen bei Schmerzen? aid are blocked from accessing it, and also can’t apply for federal programs that provide cash and food assistance. It reported that undocumented people represent more than half of the workers in the hardest-hit industries, such as meatpacking, the restaurant businesses, health care, and child care. Please join two leading Colorado employment lawyers for COVID-19 Hot Topics for Employers in 2021.

To support members who want access to care from their homes during the COVID-19 crisis, all scheduled appointments will be with providers who support virtual care. With this initiative, Centene and Samsung will deploy 13,000 Galaxy A10e smartphones, with 90 days of free wireless service, to approximately 200 federally qualified health centers , other providers and community support organizations throughout Centene’s markets, with a particular focus on rural and underserved where to buy cbd clinic products near me areas. The providers and organizations will then determine which of their patients need the devices and distribute them accordingly. Centene is working with Samsung Electronics America to expand access to telehealth for individuals living in rural and underserved communities. The initiative will supply providers with Samsung Galaxy A10e smartphones to disseminate to patients who would not otherwise have the ability to receive their health care virtually.

Occupational Safety & Health Rev. Comm’n, 529 F.2d 649, 653 (8th Cir. 1976) (noting that the “ Act is intended to prevent the first injury”). Risks of hospitalization and death are much higher in unvaccinated individuals, as discussed further in Grave Danger, Section III.A.IV. Vaccines Effectively Reduce Severe Health Outcomes from and Transmission of SARS-CoV-2. When OSHA refers to “unvaccinated” individuals in its grave danger finding, it means all individuals who are not fully vaccinated against COVID-19, i.e., those who are completely unvaccinated and those who are partially vaccinated. Nothing in this section precludes employers from requiring customers or visitors to wear face coverings. Provide up to 4 hours paid time, including travel time, at the employee’s regular rate of pay for this purpose. Employer support for employee vaccination.The employer must support COVID-19 vaccination as described in this paragraph.

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Prior to the effective date of this rule, some companies offered on-site vaccination according to a limited survey. See also CDC on creating an on-site program (CDC, March 25, 2021; CDC, October 4, 2021b). OSHA refers to the grave danger from occupational exposure to SARS-CoV-2 throughout this document. Those references are intended to encompass exposure to SARS-CoV-2 and all variants of SARS-CoV-2, including the Delta variant. Employers must comply with all requirements of this section, except for requirements in paragraph of this section, by December 6, 2021.

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While many students are participating in virtual learning and online classes to keep up with their schoolwork, those without internet access risk falling behind. BlueCross BlueShield of Tennessee Foundation is giving a total of $1.75 million to 6 Tennessee food banks to help meet the needs of community members affected by the COVID-19 crisis. Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Oklahoma will waive co-pays and deductibles for COVID-19 testing and will not require prior authorization. Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Oklahoma also launched a dedicated microsite with information for members, providers on COVID-19.

When protests over racial inequity and police violence spread across the country last summer, the nonprofit was more than ready to respond, organizing community participation efforts and centering communities of color in the creation process for a major Black Lives Matter mural in Manhattan. Labor issues have, of course, only been exacerbated by the pandemic, and glaziers and field labor remain the positions most difficult to fill, according to a majority of respondents. Training labor is companies’ major issue, after recruitment, say respondents, with a significant majority, 81 percent, reporting in-house where to buy delta 8 thc in wisconsin training programs and training with an experienced employee. Though increased vaccination has encouraged many in the industry that 2021 will see an easing of the pandemic’s restrictions, a majority of respondents reported major impacts in the past year from the pandemic, and 56 percent of respondents say COVID-19 will be a major headwind in 2021. Last year’s report found Top 50 Glaziers toward the start of the pandemic, confronting new impacts on labor and the economy. A year on, short-term changes have become long-term adaptations, as businesses continually adjust to life and work with COVID-19.

The Residential Care Strike Team has long awaited these exciting developments and understand that some of you may be concerned about the safety of these new vaccines as they have been developed and tested far more quickly than those in the past. The Strike Team wants to assure you that the speed with which these vaccines were developed is not due to skipping important safety steps, but rather the result of focused, collaborative work performed by experts across the globe. Additionally, under the Order, non-critical businesses may begin operating their businesses with 50% of their employees in-person. Screening, social distancing, and sanitation requirements are imposed on all businesses. Next, the order expands the options for employers endeavoring to satisfy the order’s employee-health-screening requirements. Employers were originally required to establish screening stations at the worksite.

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Shenai et al. pooled several studies with the above issues and concluded that immunity acquired through a previous infection from SARS-CoV-2 may be as protective as, or more protective than, the immunity afforded by vaccination to an individual without previous infection. However, authors of several of those underlying studies used in the analysis noted that their studies were limited by not having the capability to fully account for asymptomatic infections (the aforementioned Lumley et al., July 3, 2021; Gazit et al., August 25, 2021; Shrestha et al., June 19, 2021). As noted earlier, infection severity appears to be correlated with the robustness of immunity acquired through that infection, so the failure to account for asymptomatic infections may mean that this finding is related to the protection afforded by more severe disease. While pooled analyses can be utilized to make powerful observations, those observations are highly dependent upon the underlying studies not sharing the same methodological weakness which, in this case, was the studies’ exclusion of asymptomatic infections. Recent news stories demonstrate that outbreaks affecting staff members are still occurring in U.S. healthcare facilities. An outbreak that began in August, 2021 at a Washington State nursing center resulted in infections in 22 staff members and 52 residents.

As restaurants, shops, workplaces and other services reopen, CareFirst recognizes the importance of providing its members with resources that enhance their safety during the pandemic. To alleviate this concern, CareFirst will distribute over 100,000 care package items to its most vulnerable member populations including Medicaid members, individuals over 65-years-old, individuals under 65-years-old with underlying medical conditions and student health plans. COVID-19 testing and treatment cost share waivers and no-cost telehealth services will continue to be provided through June 30 to enable free access to physician-directed COVID-19 testing and treatment for commercially insured members. BCBSM was the first health plan in Michigan to announce testing and treatment for COVID-19 at no cost, along with no-cost telehealth access for both medical and behavioral health services during the first wave of the pandemic period. Arkansas Blue Cross and Blue Shield and Health Advantage are covering any illness related to the coronavirus that results in a need for standard covered medical treatment.

CVS Health is working with Piedmont Healthcare in Georgia to support their solutions for increasing hospital bed capacity. This expands a recently launched strategy of Coram, the company’s infusion care business, to help transition eligible IV-therapy patients to home-based nursing care in response to COVID-19. Specifically, Coram has enhanced its clinical monitoring, virtual support and oversight through telehealth to complement existing personalized in-home support, coordination and administration of medications and supplies. CVS Health has launched Return Ready™, a comprehensive, customizable COVID-19 testing solution for employers and universities. The solution helps return employees to worksites and students, faculty and staff to campuses, and integrates COVID-19 testing for ongoing business continuity. With flexible technology options for on-site testing and/or drive-thru testing at CVS Pharmacy locations, organizations can design a customized testing strategy to meet their unique needs.

Wescott said tuition for the Class A license program costs $4,000 and the starting pay for those licensees will typically range between $40,000-$60,000 per year. The district already cut back on bus availability for special events and field trips. It’s also offering healthcare benefits and cash bonuses to incentivize recruiting and retention of new drivers. Administrators in Falcon D49 and Colorado Springs D11 also said they are struggling to hire bus drivers.

PHP will waive co-pays, co-insurance, deductibles, and prior authorization, when the test is medically necessary, for members of its fully insured health plans. The Accord will use Molina’s clinical and community resources and an initial $150 million funding commitment to address the many social issues that afflict the delivery of health care today, including racial disparities, rural access to care, and health care for the elderly, infirmed, and frail. To the extent permitted by law, health plans are extending waivers for cost sharing for in-network COVID-19 hospitalization on fully insured, individual and group health plans until Sept. 30, 2020. Medica Health Plan is waiving copays, co-insurance, and deductibles for COVID-19 in-patient hospital care.

This analysis does not account for increases in vaccination that would occur absent the standard, resulting in a likely overestimate of the costs. There are no technological feasibility barriers related to compliance with other requirements in the ETS ( e.g.,face coverings, employee notification). As explained above, many of the employer plans and best practice documents reviewed by OSHA indicate that employers have implemented the measures in these provisions across industry sectors. OSHA highlights two of the ETS’s other requirements below, which are explored in more depth in other sections of this preamble.

Clinics have been designed to offer accommodations such as slower pace and additional volunteer assistance to navigate the vaccination process. To participate, clients must use this online registration form to select how to choose cbd oil a time slot. The clinics are for anyone with I/DD who qualifies, not just those served by Imagine! We ask all visitors to respect the wishes, public health guidelines, and capacity of our local destinations.

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Some employees and employers may rely on testing that is conducted by a healthcare provider ( e.g.,doctor or nurse) who arranges for the specimen to be analyzed at a laboratory or at a point-of-care testing location ( e.g.,a pharmacy). The involvement of licensed or accredited healthcare providers allows employers to have a high degree of confidence in the suitability of the test and the test results. Some large employers who set up their own on-site testing program may partner with a healthcare organization ( e.g.,a local hospital or clinic) or rely on a licensed healthcare provider to help obtain a CLIA certificate of waiver.

The study authors noted that those jobs involve frequent or close contact with the public or are done in places where employees work in close proximity to their coworkers. The transmissibility of viruses is measured in part by the average number of subsequently-infected people that are expected to occur from each existing case . In addition, as described further below, data on Delta shows that both unvaccinated and vaccinated individuals are more likely to transmit Delta than previous variants (Liu and Rocklov, August, 4, 2021; Eyre et al., September 29, 2021), making it especially dangerous to those who remain unvaccinated.

Each document posted on the site includes a link to the corresponding official PDF file on govinfo.gov. This prototype edition of the daily Federal Register on FederalRegister.gov will remain an unofficial informational resource until the Administrative Committee of the Federal Register issues a regulation granting it official legal status. For complete information about, and access to, our official publications and services, go to About the Federal Register on NARA’s archives.gov. The company will temporarily close about 20% of its Chase branches starting Thursday, said a Wednesday memo to employees reported by CNBC.

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Avera Health Plans is waiving the member cost for all applicable telehealth services through December 31, 2020. Members receiving applicable telehealth services from participating providers during this period will have their normal cost-share waived regardless if the telehealth visit is directly related to COVID-19 or not. The first track is seeking solutions that empower people to address their behavioral health needs, such as depression, anxiety, and substance abuse, which can be exacerbated in times of uncertainty. The second track focuses on leveraging data from Anthem’s Digital Data Sandbox, one of the largest certified de-identified health data sets in the U.S., to improve patient care and outcomes during COVID-19 and in the future. The challenge is part of Anthem and BCBSIL’s broader efforts to help reduce the strain on the health care system today, while preparing consumers and health care providers for a stronger post-COVID-19 world. AmeriHealth Caritas is focused on improving the health and wellbeing of underserved communities at this time of crisis and is conducting “well-check” outreach to vulnerable members and helping connect them to their providers and community resources.

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“Our current financial state is a direct consequence of the pandemic’s economic impact due to long-term indoor dining closures and landlords’ refusal to provide necessary rent abatement,” Chris Perkins, Sizzler president and chief services officer, said in a statement. We understand the strain and stress put on all employees during this unprecedented time. Our supervisors are also being asked to quickly coordinate and operate in ways that they may not be comfortable, or trained, in managing.

Compliance with the requirements of the ETS within the specified dates is achievable. Many employers are likely already in compliance with at least some of the provisions of the ETS. These resources include guidance issued by OSHA, the CDC, state and local governments, trade associations, and other organizations to help employers successfully implement vaccination, testing, and face covering requirements to minimize the transmission of COVID-19 in the workplace.

This independent confirmation can be accomplished in multiple ways, including through the involvement of a licensed healthcare provider or a point-of-care test provider. If an over-the-counter test is being used, it must be used in accordance with the authorized instructions. The employer can validate the test through the use of a proctored test that is supervised by an authorized telehealth provider.

This is especially critical for asymptomatic or pre-symptomatic infected wearers who feel well and may not be taking other preventative measures—like self-isolation—because they are unaware of their infectiousness to others. Combined, these individuals are estimated to account for more than 50% of COVID-19 transmissions (Honein et al., December 11, 2020; Moghadas et al., July 6, 2020; Johansson et al., January 7, 2021). This figure could be substantially reduced if face coverings are required, even for individuals who do not feel sick. Face covering use is also especially important in indoor spaces (Honein et al., December 11, 2020). The studies reviewed above show that face coverings reduce the release of droplets but do not completely eliminate them. CDC guidance affirms that COVID-19 pandemic control requires face covering use (Honein et al., December 11, 2020; CDC, May 7, 2021).

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The company has more than $80 million in debt and has closed more than two dozen restaurants. Best known for its tempting menu of Fribble milkshakes and kid-friendly sundaes, Friendly’s filed for bankruptcyin November 2020, its second filing in a decade. The chain of family restaurants last filed in 2011, shrinking from more than 400 restaurants at that time to 130 locations today. The company blamed COVID-19 for crushing its primarily dine-in business, but said most of its restaurants will remain open. Norwegian Air was already struggling before the pandemic, and several of its subsidiaries had already filed for bankruptcy. But it joined them officially in November 2020, filing for what amounted to a Chapter 11 equivalent in Ireland, and then the same in Norway in December.

The purpose of this note is to remind employers and employees that OSHA’s ETS establishes a floor for protections, and that it does not preclude bargaining for additional protective measures. For example, employers might agree to cover the costs of face coverings or medical removal, or to a requirement that all employees, regardless of vaccination status, wear face coverings while working indoors. Employees who are partially vaccinated are also required to be tested weekly until they are fully vaccinated. Those receiving the J&J vaccine will require two weeks of testing after the single shot, employees who received the Pfizer-BioNTech Vaccine will require 5 weeks of testing , and Moderna recipients require 6 weeks of testing . On the other hand, there is countervailing evidence to suggest that employers who implement a vaccine mandate will be met with an influx of potential workers.